Approximate and exact controllability of linear difference equations

Yacine Chitour; Guilherme Mazanti; Mario Sigalotti

doi:10.5802/jep.112

Approximate and exact controllability of linear difference equations
[Contrôlabilité approchée et exacte d’équations aux différences linéaires]

Yacine Chitour ¹ ; Guilherme Mazanti ² ; Mario Sigalotti ³

¹ Laboratoire des Signaux et Systèmes (L2S, UMR CNRS 8506), CNRS — CentraleSupelec — Université Paris-Sud 3, rue Joliot Curie, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
² Laboratoire de Mathématiques d’Orsay, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay 91405 Orsay, France
³ Inria & Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, CNRS, Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions 75005 Paris, France

Journal de l’École polytechnique — Mathématiques, Tome 7 (2020), pp. 93-142.

Résumé
Abstract

Cet article traite de la contrôlabilité approchée et exacte de l’équation aux différences linéaire $x (t) = \sum_{j = 1}^{N} A_{j} x (t - Λ_{j}) + B u (t)$ dans $L^{2}$ , avec $x (t) \in ℂ^{d}$ et $u (t) \in ℂ^{m}$ , en s’appuyant sur une formule de représentation de la solution $x$ en termes de la condition initiale, du contrôle $u$ et de coefficients matriciels appropriés. Lorsque $Λ_{1}, \dots, Λ_{N}$ sont commensurables, les contrôlabilités approchée et exacte sont équivalentes et peuvent être caractérisées par un critère de type Kalman. Cet article s’attache à donner des caractérisations des contrôlabilités approchée et exacte sans hypothèse de commensurabilité. Dans le cas d’un système bi-dimensionnel avec deux retards, nous obtenons une caractérisation explicite des contrôlabilités approchée et exacte en termes des paramètres du problème. Pour le cas général, nous prouvons que la contrôlabilité approchée de zéro vers les états constants est équivalente à la contrôlabilité approchée dans $L^{2}$ . Le résultat correspondant à la contrôlabilité exacte est vrai au moins pour les systèmes bi-dimensionnels avec deux retards.

In this paper, we study approximate and exact controllability of the linear difference equation $x (t) = \sum_{j = 1}^{N} A_{j} x (t - Λ_{j}) + B u (t)$ in $L^{2}$ , with $x (t) \in ℂ^{d}$ and $u (t) \in ℂ^{m}$ , using as a basic tool a representation formula for its solution in terms of the initial condition, the control $u$ , and some suitable matrix coefficients. When $Λ_{1}, \dots, Λ_{N}$ are commensurable, approximate and exact controllability are equivalent and can be characterized by a Kalman criterion. This paper focuses on providing characterizations of approximate and exact controllability without the commensurability assumption. In the case of two-dimensional systems with two delays, we obtain an explicit characterization of approximate and exact controllability in terms of the parameters of the problem. In the general setting, we prove that approximate controllability from zero to constant states is equivalent to approximate controllability in $L^{2}$ . The corresponding result for exact controllability is true at least for two-dimensional systems with two delays.

Reçu le : 2019-02-15
Accepté le : 2019-10-04
Publié le : 2019-11-08

MR Zbl

DOI : 10.5802/jep.112

Classification : 39A06, 93B05, 93C65
Keywords: Linear difference equation, delay, approximate controllability, exact controllability
Mot clés : Équation aux différences linéaire, retard, contrôlabilité approchée, contrôlabilité exacte

Affiliations des auteurs :

Yacine Chitour ¹ ; Guilherme Mazanti ² ; Mario Sigalotti ³

Licence :

CC-BY 4.0

Droits d'auteur : Les auteurs conservent leurs droits

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     author = {Yacine Chitour and Guilherme Mazanti and Mario Sigalotti},
     title = {Approximate and exact controllability of linear difference equations},
     journal = {Journal de l{\textquoteright}\'Ecole polytechnique {\textemdash} Math\'ematiques},
     pages = {93--142},
     publisher = {\'Ecole polytechnique},
     volume = {7},
     year = {2020},
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}

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Yacine Chitour; Guilherme Mazanti; Mario Sigalotti. Approximate and exact controllability of linear difference equations. Journal de l’École polytechnique — Mathématiques, Tome 7 (2020), pp. 93-142. doi : 10.5802/jep.112. https://jep.centre-mersenne.org/articles/10.5802/jep.112/

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