[Quotients caractéristiques simples infinis]
We construct continuum many infinite, simple, characteristic quotients of non-abelian free groups, answering a 1978 question of James Wiegold. The method is very flexible, allowing to impose certain properties on the quotients, to generalize the construction to large classes of groups with hyperbolic features, and to produce quasi-isometrically diverse examples.
Nous construisons un continu de quotients caractéristiques simples infinis de groupes libres non abéliens, répondant ainsi à une question posée par James Wiegold en 1978. La méthode est très flexible et nous permet d’imposer des propriétés remarquables à ces quotients, de généraliser la construction à de larges classes de groupes ayant une forme de courbure négative, et de produire une grande diversité d’exemples qui, deux à deux, ne sont pas quasi-isométriques.
Accepté le :
Publié le :
Keywords: Simple groups, characteristic groups, Wiegold conjecture, small cancellation theory
Mots-clés : Groupes simples, groupes caractéristiques, conjecture de Wiegold, théorie de la petite simplification
Rémi Coulon  1 ; Francesco Fournier-Facio  2
CC-BY 4.0
Rémi Coulon; Francesco Fournier-Facio. Infinite simple characteristic quotients. Journal de l’École polytechnique — Mathématiques, Tome 13 (2026), pp. 1463-1481. doi: 10.5802/jep.352
@article{JEP_2026__13__1463_0,
author = {R\'emi Coulon and Francesco Fournier-Facio},
title = {Infinite simple characteristic quotients},
journal = {Journal de l{\textquoteright}\'Ecole polytechnique {\textemdash} Math\'ematiques},
pages = {1463--1481},
year = {2026},
publisher = {\'Ecole polytechnique},
volume = {13},
doi = {10.5802/jep.352},
language = {en},
url = {https://jep.centre-mersenne.org/articles/10.5802/jep.352/}
}
TY - JOUR AU - Rémi Coulon AU - Francesco Fournier-Facio TI - Infinite simple characteristic quotients JO - Journal de l’École polytechnique — Mathématiques PY - 2026 SP - 1463 EP - 1481 VL - 13 PB - École polytechnique UR - https://jep.centre-mersenne.org/articles/10.5802/jep.352/ DO - 10.5802/jep.352 LA - en ID - JEP_2026__13__1463_0 ER -
%0 Journal Article %A Rémi Coulon %A Francesco Fournier-Facio %T Infinite simple characteristic quotients %J Journal de l’École polytechnique — Mathématiques %D 2026 %P 1463-1481 %V 13 %I École polytechnique %U https://jep.centre-mersenne.org/articles/10.5802/jep.352/ %R 10.5802/jep.352 %G en %F JEP_2026__13__1463_0
[ABO19] - “Hyperbolic structures on groups”, Algebraic Geom. Topol. 19 (2019) no. 4, p. 1747-1835 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[BB10] - “On abstract commensurators of groups”, J. Group Theory 13 (2010) no. 6, p. 903-922 | DOI | Zbl | MR
[BF02] - “Bounded cohomology of subgroups of mapping class groups”, Geom. Topol. 6 (2002), p. 69-89 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[BH99] - Metric spaces of non-positive curvature, Grundlehren Math. Wissen., vol. 319, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1999 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[Bow08] - “Tight geodesics in the curve complex”, Invent. Math. 171 (2008) no. 2, p. 281-300 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[Bri22] - “Concise presentations of direct products”, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 150 (2022) no. 4, p. 1361-1368 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[BW05] - “Every group is an outer automorphism group of a finitely generated group”, J. Pure Appl. Algebra 200 (2005) no. 1-2, p. 137-147 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[Cam53] - “Simple free products”, J. London Math. Soc. 28 (1953), p. 66-76 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[CG05] - “Limit groups as limits of free groups”, Israel J. Math. 146 (2005), p. 1-75 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[Cha00] - “L’espace des groupes de type fini”, Topology 39 (2000) no. 4, p. 657-680 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[CIOS25] - “Small cancellation and outer automorphisms of Kazhdan groups acting on hyperbolic spaces”, Algebraic Geom. Topol. 25 (2025) no. 9, p. 5463-5501 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[CLT26] - “Finite simple characteristic quotients of the free group of rank 2”, Comment. Math. Helv. 101 (2026) no. 2, p. 305-344 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[Cou14] - “On the geometry of Burnside quotients of torsion free hyperbolic groups”, Internat. J. Adapt. Control Signal Process. 24 (2014) no. 3, p. 251-345 | DOI | Zbl
[Del96] - “Sous-groupes distingués et quotients des groupes hyperboliques”, Duke Math. J. 83 (1996) no. 3, p. 661-682 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[DGO17] - Hyperbolically embedded subgroups and rotating families in groups acting on hyperbolic spaces, Mem. Amer. Math. Soc., vol. 245, no. 1156, American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 2017 | DOI
[EH24] - “Graph products and measure equivalence: classification, rigidity, and quantitative aspects”, 2024, to appear in Mem. Amer. Math. Soc. | arXiv | Zbl
[Erf95] - “A problem on growth sequences of groups”, J. Austral. Math. Soc. Ser. A 59 (1995) no. 2, p. 283-286 | MR | Zbl
[EW95] - “A note on growth sequences of finite simple groups”, Bull. Austral. Math. Soc. 51 (1995) no. 3, p. 495-499 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[FF25] - “A note on separability in outer automorphism groups”, Proc. Edinburgh Math. Soc. (2) 68 (2025) no. 3, p. 705-711 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[FFIM + 26] - “Property $R_\infty $ for groups with infinitely many ends”, Geom. Dedicata 220 (2026) no. 3, article ID 25, 30 pages | DOI | MR | Zbl
[FFW23] - “Aut-invariant quasimorphisms on groups”, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 376 (2023) no. 10, p. 7307-7327 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[Gen19] - “Negative curvature in automorphism groups of one-ended hyperbolic groups”, J. Comb. Algebra. 3 (2019) no. 3, p. 305-329 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[Gen24] - Automorphisms of graph products of groups and acylindrical hyperbolicity, Mem. Amer. Math. Soc., vol. 301, no. 1509, American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 2024 | DOI | Zbl
[GG13] - “Highly transitive actions of ${\rm Out}(F_n)$”, Groups Geom. Dyn. 7 (2013) no. 2, p. 357-376 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[GH21] - “Acylindrical hyperbolicity of automorphism groups of infinitely ended groups”, J. Topology 14 (2021) no. 3, p. 963-991 | MR | DOI | Zbl
[GM19] - “Automorphisms of graph products of groups from a geometric perspective”, Proc. London Math. Soc. (3) 119 (2019) no. 6, p. 1745-1779 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[Gri84] - “Degrees of growth of finitely generated groups and the theory of invariant means”, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR Ser. Mat. 48 (1984) no. 5, p. 939-985 | MR | Zbl
[Gro01] - “${\rm CAT}(\kappa )$-spaces: construction and concentration”, Zap. Nauchn. Sem. S.-Peterburg. Otdel. Mat. Inst. Steklov. (POMI) 280 (2001) no. 7, p. 100-140 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[GS09] - “Commutator maps, measure preservation, and $T$-systems”, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 361 (2009) no. 9, p. 4631-4651 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[Han25] - “The Yang-Baxter equation and characteristic finite simple quotients of the free group of rank $2$”, 2025 | arXiv | Zbl
[Hig51] - “A finitely generated infinite simple group”, J. London Math. Soc. 26 (1951), p. 61-64 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[Hul16] - “Small cancellation in acylindrically hyperbolic groups”, Groups Geom. Dyn. 10 (2016) no. 4, p. 1077-1119 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[JMS25] - “JSJ splittings for all Artin groups”, 2025 | arXiv | Zbl
[Kec95] - Classical descriptive set theory, Graduate Texts in Math., vol. 156, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1995 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[KM14] - “Unsolved problems in group theory. The Kourovka notebook”, 2014 | arXiv
[LS01] - Combinatorial group theory, Classics in Math., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2001 | DOI | Zbl
[Lub11] - “Dynamics of ${\rm Aut}(F_N)$ actions on group presentations and representations”, in Geometry, rigidity, and group actions, Chicago Lectures in Math., Univ. Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, 2011, p. 609-643 | Zbl
[MO15] - “Acylindrical hyperbolicity of groups acting on trees”, Math. Ann. 362 (2015) no. 3-4, p. 1055-1105 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[MO19] - “Acylindrically hyperbolic groups with exotic properties”, J. Algebra 522 (2019), p. 218-235 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[MOW21] - “Quasi-isometric diversity of marked groups”, J. Topology 14 (2021) no. 2, p. 488-503 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[Nie24] - “Die Isomorphismengruppe der freien Gruppen”, Math. Ann. 91 (1924) no. 3-4, p. 169-209 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[NN51] - “Zwei Klassen charakteristischer Untergruppen und ihre Faktorgruppen”, Math. Nachr. 4 (1951), p. 106-125 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[Obr93] - “Growth sequences of $2$-generator simple groups”, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh Sect. A 123 (1993) no. 5, p. 839-855 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[Ol’79] - “An infinite simple torsion-free Noetherian group”, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR Ser. Mat. 43 (1979) no. 6, p. 1328-1393 | MR | Zbl
[Ol’91] - Geometry of defining relations in groups, Math. and its Appl. (Soviet Series), vol. 70, Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, Dordrecht, 1991 | DOI | Zbl
[Ol’95] - “${\rm SQ}$-universality of hyperbolic groups”, Mat. Sb. 186 (1995) no. 8, p. 119-132 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[Osi10] - “Small cancellations over relatively hyperbolic groups and embedding theorems”, Ann. of Math. (2) 172 (2010) no. 1, p. 1-39 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[Osi16] - “Acylindrically hyperbolic groups”, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 368 (2016) no. 2, p. 851-888 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[Osi21] - “A topological zero-one law and elementary equivalence of finitely generated groups”, Ann. Pure Appl. Logic 172 (2021) no. 3, article ID 102915, 36 pages | DOI | Zbl
[Osi25] - “${\rm Out}(F_n)$-invariant probability measures on the space of $n$-generated marked groups”, Groups Geom. Dyn. 19 (2025) no. 2, p. 431-444 | DOI | Zbl
[OT13] - “Normal generation and $\ell ^2$-Betti numbers of groups”, Math. Ann. 355 (2013) no. 4, p. 1331-1347 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[Pak01] - “What do we know about the product replacement algorithm?”, in Groups and computation, III (Columbus, OH, 1999), Ohio State Univ. Math. Res. Inst. Publ., vol. 8, de Gruyter, Berlin, 2001, p. 301-347 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[Wie74] - “Growth sequences of finite groups”, J. Austral. Math. Soc. 17 (1974), p. 133-141 | MR | Zbl
[Wie88] - “Is the direct square of every $2$-generator simple group $2$-generator?”, Publ. Math. Debrecen 35 (1988) no. 3-4, p. 207-209 | DOI | Zbl
[Wis02] - “The rank of a direct power of a small-cancellation group”, Geom. Dedicata 94 (2002), p. 215-223, Proc. Conf. on Geometric and Combinatorial Group Theory, Part I (Haifa, 2000) | DOI | MR | Zbl
[WW78] - “Growth sequences of finitely generated groups”, Arch. Math. (Basel) 30 (1978) no. 4, p. 337-343 | DOI
Cité par Sources :